The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OB3) & Changes to Financial Aid
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OB3) was signed into law authorizing changes that affect all student types and became effective July 1, 2026. These changes include limits and requirements for Federal Loan funding, Federal Loan repayment options (for new and current borrowers) and Federal Pell eligibility calculations. Changes are effective for the 2026-2027 academic year. Listed below are common questions and answers. This page will be updated as more information becomes available.
Truman State University defines a full-time academic year as 24 credit hours for undergraduates and 18 credit hours for graduate students. A full-time semester is defined as 12 credit hours for undergraduate students and 9 credit hours for graduate students.
Summary of Financial Aid Changes
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OB3) affects many areas of financial aid eligibility. Below is a summary of how students may be impacted.
All Students (Undergraduate and Graduate)
- Schedule of Reductions (SOR)
- Students who enroll part-time in a semester and/or academic year will have their loans prorated based on their enrollment.
- Students who enroll full-time in fall and later withdraw from fall classes will have their spring funding reviewed and possibly prorated based on the number of withdrawn courses for fall and number of enrolled credit hours for spring.
- Decisions to drop classes or withdraw should be made only after careful consultation with your academic advisor and a financial aid counselor.
- Specific examples are outlined below.
- Loan types affected by SOR include:
- Federal Direct Subsidized
- Federal Direct Unsubsidized (undergraduate & graduate)
- Federal Graduate PLUS Loans
- Loan types not affected by SOR include:
- Federal Parent PLUS
- Private loans
- Federal Loan Limits
- A lifetime borrowing limit of $257,500
- Applies to Subsidized, Unsubsidized and Graduate loans combined across undergraduate, graduate and professional study.
- Parent PLUS loans are not included in the limit.
- Loan Repayment Plan Changes
- The Department of Education is limiting the number of available loan repayment plans.
- More detailed information is available on studentaid.gov.
Undergraduate Students
- New Parent PLUS Loan limits
- $20,000 (all parents combined) per year per dependent student
- $65,000 lifetime limit per dependent student
- One repayment plan (Repayment Assistance Program)
- Exceptions are listed below
- Federal Pell Grant limits
- Students with a Student Aid Index (SAI) no greater than twice the maximum Pell Grant amount may be eligible for a Pell Grant. The 2026-2027 Pell Grant maximum amount is $7,395. Students with a SAI of 14,791 or higher are no longer eligible for Pell Grant funding.
- Students with non-federal aid (i.e., aid received from private scholarships, institutional funding, State grants, etc.) equal to or exceeding the estimated cost of attendance cannot also receive a Pell Grant.
Graduate Students
- New Fall 2026 graduate students are not eligible for the Graduate PLUS Loan.
- New Fall 2026 graduate students have an overall aggregate borrowing limit of $100,000 for the graduate credential level.
General
Students may not receive any more than 50% of their annual loan limit each semester. This means that if you did not borrow your loans in the fall semester, you cannot then request the totality of those loans in the spring semester. There are very few exceptions to this regulation.
Students enrolled in less than 6 credit hours are not eligible for Federal direct loans.
- Be enrolled in a program of study as of June 30, 2026;
- Receive a Direct Loan disbursement for the same program of study prior to July 1, 2026;
- Remain enrolled in your current program of study; and
- Be within your expected time to credential.
Undergraduate legacy students are subject to the pre-OB3 Parent PLUS Loan rules that do not cap the annual or lifetime amounts for up to the lesser of either 3 years or their calculated expected time to credential.
Graduate legacy students can participate in the Graduate PLUS Loan program for the lesser of 3 years or their expected time to credential and are not subject to the OB3 aggregate loan limits.
Students may not opt out of the legacy borrower status if they otherwise qualify.
However, all students, legacy and non-legacy, are subject to the Schedule of Reduction (SOR) rules which require loans to be prorated if enrolled less than full-time.
Legacy students retain their pre-OB3 eligibility for the lesser of three years, or their published program length minus time enrolled.
The published program length is defined as the minimum amount of weeks, months, or years required for a full-time student to complete a degree.
- An undergraduate bachelor’s degree has an expected time to credential of 4 years.
- A graduate master’s degree has an expected time to credential of 2 years.
Examples:
- If you are entering the 3rd year of a 4-year undergraduate program and are a legacy student, then you retain your legacy status for 1 more year.
- If you change your major and require additional time to complete your undergraduate degree beyond the 4 years, you may lose your legacy status in the 5th year.
- If you are entering the 2nd year of a 2-year graduate program and are a legacy student, then you are in the final year of your eligibility.
Transfer credit hours and high school coursework being accepted toward your degree requirements can affect your calculated expected time to credential, as can attending part-time.
For example, an undergraduate student who is enrolled in 7 credit hours in the fall term will have their loans prorated. Since full-time enrollment is 12 credit hours, the enrolled credit hours are divided by the full-time enrollment and then multiplied by the loan eligibility amount.
7 credit hours ÷ 12 credit hours = 58% (rounded to the nearest whole number)
Then multiply the percentage by the semester loan amount:
$2,750 x 58% = $1,595
A student who would normally have $2,750 in federal loan eligibility (half of $5,500) can only receive $1,595 federal direct loan funding when enrolled in 7 credit hours.
New spring students. Students attending only one term are subject to a single-term Schedule of Reduction (SOR) calculation. Federal regulations first determine the portion of the annual loan limit available for the single term and then apply any required reduction based on enrollment.
- Your future direct loan eligibility
- Your remaining annual loan eligibility
- Your eligibility for other financial aid programs
- Your expected out-of-pocket costs
Before dropping, withdrawing from, or adding courses, students are strongly encouraged to speak with an academic advisor and financial aid counselor. Together, they can help you understand both the academic and financial impact of changing your enrollment.
Undergraduate Students and Parents
- Annual loan limit – $5,500-$12,500 based on year in school and dependency status
- Aggregate loan limit – $31,000-$57,500 based on dependency status
- Students enrolled in less than 6 credit hours are not eligible for Federal direct loans.
Yes. However, starting in the 2026–2027 academic year, new limits apply.
Parents will be capped at $20,000 per year with a lifetime maximum limit of $65,000 in PLUS borrowing per student. This replaces the previous ability to borrow up to the full cost of attendance, minus other financial aid.
If both parents borrow on behalf of the same student, their combined borrowing is capped at $20,000 per year with a lifetime maximum limit of $65,000 (without regard to amounts forgiven, repaid, cancelled or discharged).
Legacy provision for parent borrowers: If the student has borrowed a federal direct loan or the parent has borrowed a Parent PLUS loan before July 1, 2026, the parent is eligible to borrow under the pre-OB3 loan limits (up to the cost of attendance, minus other financial aid) for the remainder of the student’s program or three years, whichever comes first. The student must remain continuously enrolled in their current program. If they take a break in enrollment, the parent will be considered a new borrower and subject to the new loan limits.
The maximum Pell Grant amount for 2026-2027 is $7,395. Therefore, students with a SAI of 14,791 or higher are not eligible for the Pell Grant.
Students with non-federal aid (i.e., aid received from private scholarships, institutional funding, State grants, etc.) equal to or exceeding the estimated cost of attendance cannot also receive a Pell Grant.
Beginning with the 2026–2027 award year, direct loan amounts for students enrolled less than full-time for the academic year will need to be reduced. This is referred to as the Schedule of Reduction (SOR). Full-time enrollment is determined by semester and by the academic year, whereas, prior to OB3 regulations, the rules were limited to enrollment in a single term.
This reduction is made at the next scheduled disbursement in the aid year.
Example (individual scenarios and eligibility may vary):
- A first year undergraduate student is enrolled in 12 credit hours for the fall term and registers in 12 credit hours for the spring term.
- The maximum loan amount is $5,500 Unsubsidized Direct Loan.
- Half the amount, $2,750, is disbursed for fall. Later in the term, the student drops a class and is enrolled in only 9 credit hours for fall.
- No reduction to the direct loan is made for fall because the student was enrolled in 12 credit hours at the time of loan disbursement.
Prior to the spring loan disbursement, the Schedule of Reduction (SOR) is calculated.
- 9 earned credit hours for fall + 12 enrolled credit hours for spring = 21 credit hours
- 24 credit hours is full-time enrollment for the academic year (12 credit hours for fall + 12 credit hours for spring)
- 21 credit hours ÷ 24 credit hours = 88% (rounded to the nearest whole number)
- The student can only receive 88% of the eligible loan amount because their overall enrollment is 88% of full-time enrollment.
- 88% x $5,500 = $4,840
- $4,840 is the new annual loan amount.
- The loan amount the student received for fall must be subtracted from the new annual loan amount.
- $4,840 – $2,750 disbursed for fall = $2,090 new spring eligibility
Please be advised that federal loans have an origination fee and net funds disbursed to the student account will be slightly less than what is accepted.
Graduate Students
New graduate students (beginning on or after July 1, 2026) will not be eligible for Grad PLUS loans.
Graduate students that borrowed Direct Loans before July 1, 2026, are eligible for Grad PLUS loans if they are continuously enrolled in the same program of study and meet all other legacy requirements. If a student has a break in enrollment or withdraws, they will be considered a new borrower subject to the new loan limits when they re-enroll. A student will be considered a new borrower if they temporarily stop attending the current program of study to enroll in and/or complete another program.
If a student borrowed federal loan funds before July 1, 2026, and is enrolled in the same program of study with continuous enrollment, they are considered a legacy student and remain eligible for the pre-OB3 loan limits ($20,500 per year and $138,500 aggregate) for the remainder of their expected time to credential. Changing their program or interrupting their enrollment will affect their eligibility.
Example (individual scenarios and eligibility may vary):
- Graduate student enrolls in 9 credit hours for fall and 6 credit hours for spring. Total credit hours for the academic year are 15 (9 + 6).
- Full-time enrollment is 9 credit hours per semester or 18 credit hours for the academic year.
- 15 credit hours ÷ 18 credit hours = 83% (rounded to the nearest whole number)
- The student can only receive 83% of the eligible loan amount because their overall enrollment is 83% of full-time enrollment.
- 83% x $20,500 = $17,015
- $17,015 is the new annual loan amount.
- The new annual loan amount is proportioned by the enrollment in each semester:
- Fall (9 credit hours-full-time) = $10,250
- Spring (6 credit hours-part-time) = $6,765
Students enrolled in less than 6 credit hours are not eligible for Federal direct loans.
Please be advised that federal loans have an origination fee and net funds disbursed to the student account will be slightly less than what is accepted.