Physics Colloquium: Diving Into the Sun with the Parker Solar Probe

The Parker Solar Probe mission, launched in 2018, has just completed its fourth orbit around the Sun, coming as close to the solar surface as 0.13 Astronomical Units (almost 3 times closer than Mercury!). Though not as close to the Sun as we will travel in the coming years, the Parker Solar Probe’s early orbits have already revealed a region unexplored by previous spacecraft. At this distance, the solar wind plasma that flows out from the Sun is younger and more pristine, and it has dramatically different characteristics from the flow we see near the Earth’s orbit. By sampling the flow of the solar wind close to the Sun, we seek to understand how it is accelerated from the solar corona to reach speeds on the order of one million miles per hour, and how it evolves to form the flow we see near the Earth. I will give an introduction to the Parker Solar Probe mission, its instrumentation, and its scientific goals, and will describe a few of the early science results that are already changing our view of the Sun.